The Legal Treatment of Child Pornography in Angola

Constitutional, Criminal and Jurisprudential Framework

Abstract

The article examines the legal treatment of child pornography in Angola, highlighting the seriousness of the crime and the need for a firm legal response. The analysis develops along three axes: constitutional foundations, the framework of the New Angolan Penal Code (Law No. 38/20), and jurisprudential contributions. The research is based on document analysis, legislative review, and case studies, offering a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in the national context. The 2010 Constitution of the Republic of Angola guarantees special protection for children and imposes on the State the duty to combat all forms of sexual exploitation. This mandate is implemented through the New Penal Code, whose Article 198 criminalizes the production, dissemination, acquisition, and possession of pornographic content involving minors, with penalties of up to ten years. The provision stands out for its broad scope, covering real or virtual representations, adapting to current technological challenges. Although limited, jurisprudence shows progress, illustrated by complex cases that reinforce the priority of the child’s best interest. Angola has also aligned its legal framework with relevant international instruments. However, challenges persist, including scarce case law, technical limitations, and weak institutional coordination. International cooperation remains essential. The article concludes that Angola has robust legislation but must strengthen practical implementation to ensure effective child protection.