El papel de las fuentes de ingresos múltiples en el hogar para mejorar los medios de vida en la zona occidental de Tanzania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v3i1.5Palabras clave:
diversificación de ingresos, medios de vida de los hogares, Kigoma, Tanzania, Katavi, hogares ruralesResumen
Los hogares rurales de los países en desarrollo enfrentan desafíos significativos para lograr medios de vida sostenibles, ya que la dependencia de una sola fuente de ingresos a menudo los deja vulnerables a la pobreza y la inseguridad alimentaria. Este estudio examina el papel de la diversificación de ingresos en la promoción de la sostenibilidad de los medios de vida en la zona occidental de Tanzania, específicamente las regiones de Kigoma y Katavi, que se caracterizan por altos niveles de pobreza y una gran población de refugiados. La diversificación de ingresos se destaca como una estrategia de afrontamiento vital para abordar la variabilidad climática, la baja productividad agrícola y la infraestructura inadecuada. Utilizando un diseño de investigación transversal, se recopilaron datos de 510 encuestados a través de cuestionarios estructurados, y se utilizó un modelo logit multinomial para el análisis. Los hallazgos muestran que los hogares que participan en diversas actividades generadoras de ingresos, como la agricultura, la cría de ganado, las pequeñas empresas y la pesca, logran una mayor seguridad alimentaria y estabilidad de ingresos. Los determinantes clave de la diversificación de ingresos incluyen la educación, el género, el acceso a la tierra y la infraestructura. El estudio recomienda políticas para mejorar el acceso equitativo a los insumos agrícolas, los servicios financieros y las oportunidades que incluyan la perspectiva de género, al tiempo que se promueven las actividades generadoras de ingresos no agrícolas, se mejora el acceso a los mercados y se invierte en infraestructuras esenciales. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de las estrategias de ingresos diversificados para reducir la vulnerabilidad y generar resiliencia en los hogares rurales.
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