O Investimento Estrangeiro Directo promove o crescimento econômico e o trabalho autónomo feminino na Tanzânia?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v3i2.14%20Palavras-chave:
Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED), Crescimento Econômico, Trabalho Autônomo Feminino, Desenvolvimento Inclusivo, Política MacroeconômicaResumo
Este estudo investiga a relação causal entre Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED), Crescimento Econômico (PIB) e Trabalho Autônomo Feminino na Tanzânia usando dados de séries temporais anuais de 1991 a 2023. O objetivo é avaliar se o IED contribui para a expansão econômica e o emprego inclusivo, particularmente entre as mulheres. Empregando um modelo de Autorregressão Vetorial (VAR), a análise captura as interações dinâmicas de curto prazo entre as variáveis macroeconômicas selecionadas. Testes de raiz unitária e critérios de seleção de defasagem foram usados para garantir a robustez do modelo. Testes de causalidade de Granger foram conduzidos para determinar a direção da influência entre as variáveis. Os resultados revelam que, embora o PIB impulsione significativamente o IED e as despesas de consumo final, o IED não tem um impacto causal de curto prazo no PIB, indicando um papel de acompanhamento do crescimento em vez de indutor do crescimento. Além disso, o IED não mostra influência causal direta no trabalho autônomo feminino, sugerindo que os investimentos estrangeiros ainda não se traduziram em benefícios de emprego inclusivo. O trabalho autônomo feminino, por sua vez, exerce uma influência negativa tanto no consumo quanto no IDE, destacando as limitações estruturais do setor informal da Tanzânia. O estudo conclui que, embora o IDE responda positivamente ao crescimento macroeconômico, não contribuiu significativamente para o emprego de base ou para os vínculos domésticos produtivos. O estudo recomenda que a política de IDE na Tanzânia seja reestruturada para promover uma integração mais forte com empresas locais, particularmente empresas lideradas por mulheres, por meio de compras inclusivas, treinamento e acesso a crédito. Além disso, os mecanismos institucionais devem ser aprimorados para garantir que os fluxos de IDE apoiem os objetivos de desenvolvimento econômico e social.
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